The EU has focused increasingly on ensuring wider participation in its research and innovation (R&I) funding programmes, introducing specific measures to unlock the potential of low-innovation countries and promoting synergies with the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIFs). The European Court of Auditors (ECA) is conducting an audit to assess the action taken by the European Commission to achieve this Horizon 2020 ‘widening’ objective. R&I is a key part of productivity and economic competitiveness. About two thirds of Europe’s economic growth in recent decades has been driven by technological innovation, and one third of all European jobs are now in knowledge-based industries. One of the EU’s political aims is for R&I activities to be spread evenly across its Member States.
Horizon 2020 is the EU’s eighth framework programme for R&I. It works by co-financing cutting-edge R&I collaborative projects in Member States and partner countries, and is the main funding instrument for the Europe 2020 Strategy and the objectives of the European Research Area (ERA), an initiative launched in 2000 which aims to create a single, borderless market for research, innovation and technology across the EU. Starting in 2013, Horizon 2020 focused increasingly on spreading excellence and ‘widening’ the participation of low-innovation countries by providing them with additional support for policy design, building capacity and creating links between leading research institutions and low-performing regions. To finance these measures, the ESIFs, whose purpose is to strengthen economic and social cohesion in the EU, were used in addition to Horizon 2020 funding. The Horizon 2020 budget for 2014-2020 was €76.4 billion, including around €1 billion for ‘widening’ measures. The share of R&I in the ESIFs budget for 2014-2020 was €43 billion. The auditors will be looking at the results of the measures in place since 2014 – including the focus on synergies with the ESIFs – as well as at the changes proposed for the new multiannual financial framework (2021-2027).